“Apocalyptic Politics” – John GRAY

The religious roots of modern revolutionary movements were first systematically uncovered in Norman Cohn’s seminal study The Pursuit of the Millennium. It has often been noted that for its followers communism had many of the functions of a religion – a fact reflected in the title of a famous collection of essays by disillusioned ex-communists,…

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“Jan Bockelson’s Münster: an early modern communist theocracy” – John GRAY

When he described Bolshevism as a religion rather than ‘an ordinary political movement’, Bertrand Russell hit on a larger truth. Because they shared some of the myths of monotheism, the great modern political experiments have been religious in nature. This can be seen by considering the millenarian movements of early modern times. At the end…